Ancistomus feldbergae L-013

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Ancistomus feldbergae L-013 is a South American armored catfish associated with the Rio Xingu basin in Brazil. Listed in the aquarium trade under the L-013 code, this pleco remains a fairly rare and sought-after species in specialty stores. Its armored body, dark brown coloration, and yellowish markings blend naturally into the rocky, wood-filled landscapes of its native habitat. Because the available fish are wild-collected specimens, careful acclimation and well-oxygenated water are important. Ancistomus feldbergae L-013 is also offered exclusively by Ton.Fish in Canada, making it an appealing choice for aquarists looking for a wild Xingu pleco.

General species description

Ancistomus feldbergae L-013 is an armored catfish belonging to the family Loricariidae and the subfamily Hypostominae. In aquarium records, it is best known by the L-013 code, which has long been used to identify loricariids whose scientific identification or commercial availability was closely associated with field collections. It is a bottom-dwelling species that frequents hard surfaces, using its inferior mouth to remain attached to the substrate and graze on food deposits. Its behaviour is generally discreet, especially during daylight, with increased activity at dusk and during the night. It does best in a mature aquarium with efficient filtration and stable shelters. Availability is moderate to low, which adds to its appeal among keepers of wild Xingu fishes.

Geographical origin and biotope

Ancistomus feldbergae L-013 comes from the Rio Xingu in Pará State, Brazil. The Xingu is known for rocky sections, rapids, and highly oxygenated water. The fish lives near the bottom, on rocks, boulders, and submerged wood rather than in a densely planted setting. In an aquarium, provide a structure made of smooth rocks and roots, with several refuges and sustained water movement. A stable tropical temperature, low waste accumulation, and regular maintenance are preferable to stagnant or overcrowded conditions. Plants may be used sparingly, especially species that tolerate current, but they should not replace the mineral surfaces needed for the fish’s natural behaviour.

Precise locality and local name

The geographical reference used for Ancistomus feldbergae L-013 is the Rio Xingu basin in Brazil. The code L-013 is its most widely used local aquarium designation and distinguishes it from other Xingu loricariids. It may also be sold under English names such as “gold-spotted pleco” or “leopard pleco,” but these vernacular names can be used inconsistently by suppliers. To avoid confusion, the L-013 code should accompany the scientific name on fish lists, invoices, and maintenance records. Since the offered specimens are wild-caught, visual identification should be handled carefully, especially when the fish is kept with other spotted Xingu plecos.

Appearance and physical characteristics

Ancistomus feldbergae L-013 has a robust body, flattened along the belly and protected by the bony plates typical of Loricariidae. Its base colour ranges from brown to blackish brown, with golden-yellow to cream spots distributed across the head and body. The fins may show darker markings or bands, while the ventral mouth is adapted for adhesion to rocks and surface grazing. The eyes are positioned relatively high on the head, a useful arrangement for a bottom-oriented fish. The maximum adult size generally used in aquarium references is about 15 cm. A dark substrate, moderate lighting, and suitable shelters often enhance its natural contrast without requiring artificial colour enhancement.

General diet

Ancistomus feldbergae L-013 is an omnivorous bottom feeder, but its diet should not be limited to algae growing on aquarium glass. It accepts sinking catfish tablets, sinking pellets, and vegetable foods such as zucchini, cucumber, or blanched spinach. Regular small portions of protein-rich food may also be offered, including suitable frozen foods, particularly to young or recently imported fish. Feedings are best provided as the lights go out, when the species becomes more active. Roots provide grazing surfaces and useful behavioural support, but they do not replace a complete diet. A good practice is to offer small portions and remove leftovers in order to maintain clean, highly oxygenated water.

Essential data

• River of origin: Rio Xingu
• Local name used: L-013
• Origin of the scientific name: Ancistomus is the genus name; feldbergae is the specific epithet.
• Etymology of the full name: Ancistomus refers to a mouth and teeth adapted for attachment; feldbergae is a feminine Latinized form derived from Feldberg.
• Common/vernacular names: L-013, gold-spotted pleco, spotted gold pleco.
• Family: Loricariidae
• Subfamily: Hypostominae
• Pronunciation: an-sis-TOH-mus - feld-BER-guy
• Discovery: Isaäc J. H. Isbrücker and Han Nijssen, 1989
• Maximum adult size: About 15 cm
• Water temperature and pH: About 24 to 29 °C; approximately pH 6.0 to 7.5.
• Watercourse appearance and surrounding vegetation: Rocky, often fast-flowing and highly oxygenated water; roots, submerged wood, and riparian vegetation.
• Typical tankmates: Hypancistrus zebra L-046, Baryancistrus xanthellus L-018, Scobinancistrus aureatus L-014, Krobia xinguensis, Ancistomus snethlageae L-141
• Temperament and behaviour: Peaceful and discreet, with some territoriality around shelters; mainly crepuscular and nocturnal.
• Water depth: Bottom zones of the river; variable depth.
• Sexual dimorphism: Adult males generally develop a broader head and more pronounced odontodes, especially on the pectoral fins and flanks.
• Bottom structure and flow: Rocks, boulders, and submerged wood; moderate to strong current and well-oxygenated water.

For greater success

To maintain Ancistomus feldbergae L-013 successfully, provide a mature aquarium with strong filtration, well-distributed current, and shelters made from rocks or roots. A varied diet offered after the lights go out helps wild fish regain good condition. Pay close attention to oxygenation, substrate cleanliness, and competition around shelters. A stable layout and clean tropical water are the foundations for success with this Rio Xingu pleco.