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Pseudacanthicus sp. L-079 is a highly sought-after Brazilian loricariid among keepers of rare plecos. Listed under an L-number, this fish is an undescribed scientific form associated with the Rio Tocantins. Its sturdy body, bony plates and odontodes give it the characteristic appearance of a cactus pleco. This wild-collected species is offered exclusively by Ton.Fish in Canada. Considered very rare, L-079 requires a spacious setup, highly oxygenated water, strong circulation and a varied diet to remain in good condition over the long term.

General species description

Pseudacanthicus sp. L-079 is a large pleco in the genus Pseudacanthicus, recognized by its stocky body and well-developed defensive structures. Like several large loricariids, it spends much of its time resting on rocks, wood or the substrate, especially during daylight hours. Activity usually increases after the aquarium lights go out. It can be territorial toward other bottom-dwelling fish, particularly in confined spaces. This fish is best suited to an experienced aquarist who can provide ample floor space, strong filtration and very clean water. Its commercial availability, rated very rare here, makes it a prized fish for specialized collections.

Geographic origin and biotope

L-079 originates in Brazil, within the basin of the Rio Tocantins. Its natural environment consists of large tropical waterways with rocky areas, crevices and locally strong flow. Suitable areas provide shelter beneath rocks, submerged trunks and roots. Highly oxygenated water and constant circulation are therefore especially important in the aquarium. Vegetation is mainly found along the banks and in quieter areas, while the bottom occupied by this type of pleco is dominated by rocks, gravel and wood. A biotope-style layout should emphasize stable shelters and open routes between them.

Precise locality and local name

The reference locality is the Rio Tocantins in Brazil. In the aquarium trade, this fish is mainly identified by its L-079 code, rather than by an established regional common name. The terms “cactus pleco” and “cactus catfish” are used in English for several members of the genus Pseudacanthicus, but they are not exclusive local names for L-079. To prevent confusion with similar forms, the L-number should be retained in records, listings and breeding projects.

Appearance and physical characteristics

The body of Pseudacanthicus sp. L-079 is broad, heavy and protected by bony plates. The head is massive, while the fins and flanks carry odontodes that create the spiny appearance associated with cactus plecos. The overall coloration is dark, with a variable pattern of lighter spots or markings depending on the individual and its condition. Its ventral sucker mouth allows it to cling to surfaces and graze or grasp food placed on the bottom. The dorsal and pectoral fin spines can be sharp, so handling must be done carefully, especially during transfers.

General diet

L-079 benefits from a varied diet that includes sinking pellets rich in protein, bottom-feeder wafers and suitable frozen foods. Shrimp, mussel, worms or other meaty foods may be offered in moderation, particularly to growing specimens. Vegetable foods, such as algae-based wafers or blanched vegetables, can complement the diet without necessarily representing its entire nutritional intake. Feeding after the lights go out is preferable, and leftovers should be removed to protect water quality. Regular but controlled feeding helps prevent weight loss and food competition.

Essential data

• River of origin: Rio Tocantins
• Local name used: L-079; cactus pleco
• Origin of the scientific name: Pseudacanthicus is the genus name; sp. indicates an unspecified species
• Etymology of the full name: Pseudacanthicus approximately means “false Acanthicus”; sp. abbreviates species; L-079 is an aquarium trade code
• Common/vernacular names: Cactus pleco; cactus catfish
• Family: Loricariidae
• Subfamily: Hypostominae
• Name pronunciation: soo doh ak an THY kus - el zero seventy nine
• Discovery: —
• Maximum adult size: Large-bodied; plan for a very large aquarium
• Water temperature and pH: 25 to 29 °C; pH 6.0 to 7.5
• Watercourse appearance and surrounding vegetation: Warm, rocky and well-oxygenated river sections, with submerged wood and mainly riparian vegetation
• Typical tankmates: Rheophilic Tocantins loricariids; robust, non-aggressive midwater fish
• Temperament and behaviour: Territorial around shelters; mainly crepuscular and nocturnal
• Water depth: Benthic areas near rocks, cavities and wood
• Sexual dimorphism: Adult males generally develop more pronounced odontodes; sexing can be difficult
• Bottom structure and flow: Rocks, gravel and wood; moderate to strong current with high circulation
• Availability status: Wild-collected species; very rare and exclusive to Ton.Fish in Canada

For aquarium success

Success with Pseudacanthicus sp. L-079 depends on a very spacious aquarium, oversized filtration and well-oxygenated circulation. Provide several sturdy caves, rocks without dangerous sharp edges and natural wood, while leaving enough bottom area to reduce territorial conflict. Stable water, regular water changes and a varied diet are essential. Since this is a very rare, wild-collected fish, acclimation should be gradual and its condition monitored closely. Avoid overly aggressive tankmates or strong food competitors that could prevent it from feeding properly.